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NET 5. NET Conf Our digital event is over, but you can learn, connect, and code with your community anytime, with our on-demand videos. Explore on-demand sessions. If using an older patch release, you should upgrade to get these fixes. Release notes Latest release date December 14, The software development kit SDK includes everything you need to build and run.

NET applications, using command-line tools and any editor like Visual Studio. Run apps - Runtime Tooltip: Do you want to run apps? The runtime includes everything you need to run. NET applications. The runtime is also included in the SDK. NET Core Runtime 5. NET Core Module v2 Rendering Clients Scripts Using Page.

ClientScript methods Unit 9 Validation Controls. Validators and Page. HttpApplication class-Global. Using location section in web. Alternatives to intialize culture settings of the page. Unit 16 AJAX. NET Web Application. Publishing ASP. NET Framework Asp. NET is a specification by Microsoft which is used to create web applications and web services. You can create ASP. NET web applications in most of the. Net compatible languages like Visual Basic, C , etc. NET provides much better performance than scripting languages.

It is created by Microsoft to provide Internet-based services to Asp. Caching is the technique that facilitates you to store frequently used items in memory so that they can be accessed more quickly. From the article above the information provided on ASP. These notes on ASP. NET web pages will help students with thorough preparation and be able to revise for the subject to score the best grades for the subject.

With ASP. NET Core 6, the tag helper can be invoked without having to specify a value for the showSomething parameter:. The React template has been updated to React Note : We recommend using the System.

Json output formatter except when the Newtonsoft. Json serializer is required for compatibility reasons. The System. Json serializer is fully async and works efficiently for larger payloads. The Newtonsoft. Json output formatter by default buffers responses up to 32 KiB in memory before buffering to disk. This is to avoid performing synchronous IO, which can result in other side-effects such as thread starvation and application deadlocks. The memory threshold is now configurable via the MvcNewtonsoftJsonOptions.

OutputFormatterMemoryBufferThreshold property before buffering to disk:. New APIs were added to expose all common headers available on Microsoft. For example, the in-line middleware in the following code gets and sets both request and response headers using the new APIs:. For implemented headers the get and set accessors are implemented by going directly to the field and bypassing the lookup. Avoiding the lookup results in faster access for both scenarios.

Returning an IAsyncEnumerable from an action no longer buffers the response content in memory before it gets sent. Not buffering helps reduce memory usage when returning large datasets that can be asynchronously enumerated. NET Core in.

NET Core more efficient. For example, the following code no longer buffers the product data into memory before sending the response:. However, when using lazy loading in EF Core, this new behavior may result in errors due to concurrent query execution while the data is being enumerated. Apps can revert back to the previous behavior by buffering the data:. See the related announcement for additional details about this change in behavior. The IConnectionSocketFeature request feature provides access to the underlying accept socket associated with the current request.

It can be accessed via the FeatureCollection on HttpContext. For example, the following app sets the LingerState property on the accepted socket:. Hot Reload minimizes the number of app restarts after code changes. For more information, see. When defining generic type parameters in Razor using the typeparam directive, generic type constraints can now be specified using the standard C syntax:. The SignalR, MessagePack, and Blazor Server scripts are now significantly smaller, enabling smaller downloads, less JavaScript parsing and compiling by the browser, and faster start-up.

The size reductions:. The smaller scripts are a result of a community contribution from Ben Adams. For more information on the details of the size reduction, see Ben's GitHub pull request. A community contribution from Gabriel Lucaci enables Redis profiling session with Microsoft. StackExchangeRedis :. For more information, see StackExchange. Redis Profiling.

An experimental feature has been added to the ASP. NET Core Module to add support for shadow copying application assemblies. NET locks application binaries when running on Windows making it impossible to replace binaries when the app is running. In such scenarios, enable shadow copying by customizing the ASP. NET Core module handler settings. In most cases, ASP.

NET Core apps do not have a web. In ASP. NET Core, web. The following sample web. Skip to main content. This browser is no longer supported. Download Microsoft Edge More info. Contents Exit focus mode. What's new in ASP. Please rate your experience Yes No. Let us test this on one of our existing project, say the data binding project. Select Setup Wizard. Step 3 : Choosing the default location ensures that the set up project will be located in its own folder under the root directory of the site.

Click on okay to get the first splash screen of the wizard. Step 4 : The second screen asks to choose a project type. Select 'Create a setup for a web application'. Step 5 : Next, the third screen asks to choose project outputs from all the projects in the solution. Check the check box next to 'Content Files from However, in our case there is no such file.

Click on finish. Step 7 : The final screen displays a summary of settings for the set up project. Step 8 : The Set up project is added to the Solution Explorer and the main design window shows a file system editor Step 9 : Next step is to build the setup project. Right—click on the project name in the Solution Explorer and select Build.

Step 10 : When build is completed, you get the following message in the Output window: Two files are created by the build process: Setup. Net provides three types of button controls: buttons, link buttons and image buttons.

As the names suggest a button displays text within a rectangular area, a link button displays text that looks like a hyperlink. And an Image Button displays an image. When a user clicks a button control, two events are raised Click and Command. This is for button and link button Text controls only. For image button control only.

The image to be displayed for the ImageUrl button. The text to be displayed if the browser AlternateText can't display the image. Determines whether page validation occurs when a user clicks the CausesValidation button.

The default is true. A string value that's passed to the Command event when a user clicks CommandName the button. A string value that's passed to the Command event when a user clicks CommandArgument the button. Text Boxes and Labels: Text box controls are typically used to accept input from the user. A text box control can accept one or more lines to text depending upon the setting of the TextMode attribute.

Label controls provide an easy way to display text which can be changed from one execution of a page to the next. If you want to display a text that does not change, you use the literal text. SingleLine creates a standard text box, MultiLIne creates a text box that accepts more than one line of text and TextMode the Password causes the characters that are entered to be masked.

The default is SingleLine. Text The text content of the text box The maximum number of characters that can be entered into the text MaxLength box. It determines whether or not text wraps automatically for multi-line text Wrap box; default is true.

Determines whether the user can change the text in the box; default is ReadOnly false, i. The width of the text box in characters. The actual width is determined Columns based on the font that's used for the text entry The height of a multi-line text box in lines. The default value is 0, Rows means a single line text box. The mostly used attribute for a label control is 'Text', which implies the text displayed on the label.

Check Boxes and Radio Buttons: A check box displays a single option that the user can either check or uncheck and radio buttons present a group of options from which the user can select just one option.

To create a group of radio buttons, you specify the same name for the GroupName attribute of each radio button in the group.

If more than one group is required in a single form specify a different group name for each group. If you want a check box or radio button to be selected when it's initially displayed, set its Checked attribute to true. If the Checked attribute is set for more than one radio button in a group, then only the last one will be selected.

Checked Specifies whether it is selected or not, default is false. GroupName Name of the group the control belongs to. List Controls: ASP. Net provides the controls: drop-down list, list box, radio button list, check box list and bulleted list. These control let a user choose from one or more items from the list. List boxes and drop-down list contain one or more list items. These lists could be loaded either by code or by the ListItem Collection Editor.

This property returns an object of type ListItemCollection. Specifies the number of items displayed in the box. If actual list Rows contains more rows than displayed then a scroll bar is added. The index of the currently selected item. If more than one item is SelectedIndex selected, then the index of the first selected item. If no item is selected, the value of this property is The value of the currently selected item.

If more than one item is SelectedValue selected, then the value of the first selected item. If no item is selected, the value of this property is an empty string "". Indicates whether a list box allows single selections or multiple SelectionMode selections. Common Properties of each list item objects: Property Description Text The text displayed for the item Selected Indicates whether the item is selected. Value A string value associated with the item. To work with the items in a drop-down list or list box, you use the Items property of the control.

This property returns a ListItemCollection object which contains all the items of the list. The SelectedIndexChanged event is raised when the user selects a different item from a drop-down list or list box. Each ListItem object represents one item in the list. Items in a ListItemCollection are numbered from 0.

When the items into a list box are loaded using strings like: lstcolor. Add "Blue". To set it differently you must create a list item object and then add that item to the collection.

The ListItem Collection Editor is used to add item to a drop-down list or list box. This is used to create a static list of items. To display the Collection Editor select Edit item from the smart tag menu, or select the control and then click the ellipsis button from the Item property in the Properties window.

Count The number of items in the collection. Common methods of List Item Collection: Methods Description Adds a new item to the end of the collection and assigns the string Add string parameter to the Text property of the item. Add ListItem Adds a new item to the end of the collection. Inserts an item at the specified index location in the collection, and Insert integer, string assigns the string parameter to the Text property of the item. Insert integer, ListItem Inserts the item at the specified index location in the collection.

Remove string Removes the item with the Text value same as the string. Remove ListItem Removes the specified item. RemoveAt integer Removes the item at the specified index as the integer. Clear Removes all the items of the collection. FindByValue string Returns the item whose Value is same as the string. Radio Button list and Check Box list A radio button list presents a list of mutually exclusive options. A check box list presents a list of independent options.

These controls contain a collection of ListItem objects that could be referred to through the Items property of the control. The default is Table It specifies the direction in which the controls to be repeated. The RepeatDirection values available are Horizontal and Vertical. Default is Vertical It specifies the number of columns to use when repeating the controls; RepeatColumns default is 0.

Bulleted lists and Numbered lists: The bulleted list control creates bulleted lists or numbered lists. It specifies the direction in which the controls to be repeated. Image Control: The image control is used for displaying images on the web page, or some alternative text, if the image is not available.

In coming topics, we will be using these controls in examples. NET - Web Services Advertisements A web service is a web-based functionality accessed using the protocols of the web to be used by the web applications. There are three aspects of web service development: Creating the web service Creating a proxy Consuming the web service Creating the Web Sevice: A web service is an web application which is basically a class consisting of methods that could be used by other applications.

It also follows a code-behind architecture like the ASP. Net web pages, although it does not have an user interface. To understand the concept let us create a web service that will provide stock price information. The clients can query about the name and price of a stock based on the stock symbol.

To keep this example simple, the values are hardcoded in a two-dimensional array. Net Web Service. Step 2 : A web service file called Service. Step 3 : Change the names of the files to StockService. Step 4 : The. The default web service code behind file looks like the following: using System; using System.

Collections; using System. ComponentModel; using System. Linq; using System. Services; using System. Protocols; using System. ScriptService] public class Service1 : System. ScriptService] public class StockService : System. Step 8 : Click on a method name, and check whether it runs properly. Step 9 : For testing the GetName method, provide one of the stock symbols, which are hard coded, it returns the name of the stock Consuming the Web Service: For using the web service, create a web site under the same solution.

This could be done by right clicking on the Solution name in the Solution Explorer. The web page calling the web service should have a label control to display the returned results and two button controls one for post back and another for calling the service. HtmlControls; using System.

IsPostBack lblmessage. ToLongTimeString ; else lblmessage. Before using the web service, a proxy must be created. The proxy is registered with the client application.

Then the client application makes the calls to the web service as it were using a local method. The proxy takes the calls, wraps it in proper format and sends it as a SOAP request to the server. This protocol is used for exchanging web service data. Step 2 : Select 'Web Services in this solution'. It returns the StockService reference. Step 3 : Clicking on the service opens the test web page. By default the proxy created is called 'localhost', you can rename it.

Click on 'Add Reference' to add the proxy to the client application. Caching is extremely important for performance boosting in ASP. Net, as the pages and controls are dynamically generated here. It is especially important for data related transactions, as these are expensive in terms of response time.

Caching places frequently used data in quickly accessed media like the random access memory of the computer. The ASP. Net runtime includes a key-value map of CLR objects called cache. This lives with the application and is available via the HttpContext and System.

In some respect, caching is similar to storing the state objects. However, the storing information in state objects is deterministic, i. The data will not be available if its lifetime expires, or the application releases its memory, or caching does not take place for some reason.

You can access items in the cache using an indexer and may control the lifetime of objects in the cache and set up links between the cached objects and their physical sources. Caching in ASP. Net: ASP. Net provides the following different types of caching: Output Caching: Output cache stores a copy of the finally rendered HTML pages or part of pages sent to the client.

When the next client requests for this page, instead of regenerating the page, a cached copy of the page is sent, thus saving time. Data Caching: Data caching means caching data from a data source.

As long as the cache is not expired, a request for the data will be fulfilled from the cache. When the cache is expired, fresh data is obtained by the data source and the cache is refilled. Object Caching: Object caching is caching the objects on a page, such as data-bound controls. The cached data is stored in server memory. Class Caching: Web pages or web services are compiled into a page class in the assembly, when run for the first time.

Then the assembly is cached in the server. Next time when a request is made for the page or service, the cached assembly is referred to. When the source code is changed, the CLR recompiles the assembly. Configuration Caching: Application wide configuration information is stored in a configuration file. Configuration caching stores the configuration information in the server memory. In this tutorial, we will consider output caching and data caching and object caching.

Rendering a page may involve some complex processes like, database access, rendering complex controls etc. Output caching allows bypassing the round trips to server by caching data in memory. Even the whole page could be cached. The OutputCache directive is responsible of output caching.

It enables output caching and provides certain control over its behaviour. This tells the environment to cache the page for 15 seconds. The following event handler for page load would help in testing that the page was really cached. Sleep ; Response. Sleep method stops the process thread for the specified time. In this example, the thread is stopped for 10 seconds, so when the page is loaded for first time, it will take 10 seconds. But next time you refresh the page, it does not take any time, as the page will retrieved from the cache without being loaded.

Name of a cache profile as to be stored CacheProfile String name in web. Tells ASP. Net to vary the output cache Browser VaryByCustom by browser name and version or by a Custom string custom string.

Any: page may be cached anywhere. Client: cached content remains at Any browser. Client Downstream: cached content stored in Location Downstream downstream and server both. Server Server: cached content saved only on None server. None: disables caching. Number of seconds the page or control Duration Number is cached.

Let us add a text box and a button to the previous example and add this event handler for the button. Net caches the page on the basis of the name in the text box.

Data Caching: The main aspect of data caching is caching the data source controls. We have already discussed that the data source controls represent data in a data source, like a database or an XML file. These controls derive from the abstract class DataSourceControl and have the following inherited properties for implementing caching: CacheDuration - sets the number of seconds for which the data source will cache data CacheExpirationPolicy - defines the cache behaviour when the data in cache has expired CacheKeyDependency - identifies a key for the controls that auto-expires the content of its cache when removed EnableCaching - specifies whether or not to cache data Example: To demonstrate data caching, create a new website and add a new web form in it.

Add to it a SqlDataSource control with the database connection already used in the data access tutorials. For this example, add a label to the page, which would show the response time for the page. When you run the page for the first time, nothing different happens, the label shows that, each time you refresh the page, the page is reloaded and the time shown on the label changes. Next, set the EnableCaching attribute of the data source control to be 'true' and set the Cacheduration attribute to '60'.

It will implement caching and the cache will expire every 60 seconds. You can use object caching to place any object in the cache. The object can be of any type - a data type, a web control, a class, a DataSet object, etc. The item is added to the cache simply by assigning a new key name.

Net also provides the Insert method for inserting an object to the cache. This method has four overloaded versions. Let us see the various versions first. Overload Description Inserts an item into the cache with the key name and value with default Cache. Insert key, value ; priority and expiration. Inserts an item into the cache with key, value, default priority, Cache. Insert key, value, expiration and a CacheDependency name that links to other files or dependencies ; items so that when these change the cache item remains no longer valid.

Insert key, value, dependencies, This indicates an expiration policy along with the above issues. Insert key, value, dependencies, This along with the parameters also allows you to set a priority for the absoluteExpiration, cache item and a delegate that, points to a method to be invoked when slidingExpiration, priority, the item is removed.

The following code snippet stores an item with a sliding expiration of 10 minutes with no dependencies. MaxValue, TimeSpan. FromMinutes 10 ; Example: Create a page with just a button and a label. Now; lblinfo. Insert "testitem", testItem, null, DateTime. AddSeconds 30 , TimeSpan. ToString ; lblinfo.

Creating test item. Storing test item in cache for 30 seconds. If you click on the button again within 30 seconds, the page is posted back but the label control gets its information from the cache: Page Posted Back.

Retrieving test item. NET - Server Controls Advertisements Controls are small building blocks of the graphical user interface, which includes text boxes, buttons, check boxes, list boxes, labels and numerous other tools, using which users can enter data, make selections and indicate their preferences. Controls are also used for structural jobs, like validation, data access, security, creating master pages, data manipulation. Net Server controls ASP.

Net server controls are the primary controls used in ASP. These controls again could be grouped into the following categories: Validation controls - these are used to validate user input and work by running client-side script Data source controls - these controls provides data binding to different data sources Data view controls - these are various lists and tables, which can bind to data from data sources for display Personalization controls - these are used for personalization of a page according to the user's preference, based on user information Login and security controls - these controls provide user authentication Master pages - these provides consistent layout and interface throughout the application Navigation controls - these helps in navigation, for example, the menus, tree view etc.

Rich controls - these implements special features, for example, AdRotator control, FileUpload control, Calendar control etc. Net server controls with a visual aspect are derived from the WebControl class and inherit all the properties, events and methods of this class. The WebControl class itself and some other server controls that are not visually rendered, e. Control class. Net server controls inherit all properties, events and methods of the WebControl and System.

The following table shows the inherited properties, which are common to all server controls: Property Description AccessKey Pressing this key with the Alt key moves focus to the control It's the collection of arbitrary attributes for rendering only that do not Attributes correspond to properties on the control. BackColor Background colour. BindingContainer The control that contains this control's data binding.

BorderColor Border colour. BorderStyle Border style. BorderWidth Border width. CausesValidation Indicates if it causes validation. It indicates whether the server control's child controls have been ChildControlCreated created. Context The HttpContext object associated with the server control. Controls Collection of all controls contained within the control ControlStyle The style of the Web server control.

DesignMode It indicates whether the control is being used on a design surface. Enabled Indicates whether the control is grayed out EnableTheming Indicates whether theming applies to the control. EnableViewState Indicates whether the view state of the control is maintained. Events Gets a list of event handler delegates for the control. Font Font. Forecolor Foreground colour. HasAttributes Indicates whether the control has attributes set.

ID Identifier for the control. Indicates whether controls contained within this control have control IsChildControlStateCleared state. IsEnabled Gets a value indicating whether the control is enabled It indicates whether the server control is saving changes to its view IsTrackingViewState state.

IsViewStateEnabled It indicates whether view state is enabled for this control. Page Page containing the control. Parent Parent control. It specifies the ASP. The container that hosts the current control when rendered on a design Site surface.

SkinID Gets or sets the skin to apply to the control. Gets a collection of text attributes that will be rendered as a style Style attribute on the outer tag of the Web server control. TabIndex Gets or sets the tab index of the Web server control. TagName Gets the name of the control tag. TemplateControl The template that contains this control.